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Top 5 cannabis varieties of 2025 with the highest THC count

For those looking for extreme potency, we have prepared a selection for this year that will make you fly incredibly high. Five ladies that not only have outrageous THC levels but also exude quality left, right, and centre: great flavour, high productivity, and ease of cultivation… What more can you ask for? We present the most powerful genetics for those looking for strong sensations.

The five marijuana seeds with the highest THC levels this season

Nowadays, it is possible to find cannabis varieties on the market with different cannabinoid profiles. A good example of this are CBD seeds, which are ideal for medical users who want to benefit from the therapeutic properties of CBD, or for those growers looking for a more sustainable effect. However, we know that some cannabis growers demand high THC cannabis strains, either for therapeutic reasons or for recreational use. Today we’re bringing you a selection of our most potent marijuana varieties – but please beware!: the high-flying psychoactivity of these cannabis gems isn’t suited to everyone, so fasten your seat belts and get ready for lift-off!

Permanent marker: an effect that you won’t forget

We start this ‘Top 5’ with one of our recent releases: Permanent Marker. A feminised cannabis seed with THC levels as high as 33%... Overpowering potency that begins with a feeling of euphoria that promotes creativity, and which is ideal to open your mind and let yourself go. As time passes, her effect transforms into a state of deep bodily relaxation, which is ideal for releasing stress and tensions accumulated in the body. This hybrid, newly arrived from the US, is the result of the cross of three elite parents: Biscotti, Sherb BX, and Jealousy, from whom she’s inherited an intense and complex taste of sugary cookies, fresh herbs, and diesel notes on an earthy background. Permanent Marker is extremely easy to grow and produces XXL crops: up to 600 g per square metre indoors, and 1000 g per plant when grown outdoors. And the icing on the cake is her short flowering period – she’s ready for harvest in just 8 - 9 weeks of flowering.

White Truffle: out-of-this-world potency that’s accessible to all growers

Another new jewel in the Linda Seeds catalogue. This American hybrid is the result of the cross of Gorilla Glue #4 and Peanut Butter Breath, from whom she has inherited her best qualities: an abundant production of ultra-sticky resin that exudes a truly special sweet aroma, with touches of walnuts and earthy notes, and a subtle shade of Kush. With THC levels of up to 31%, the psychoactivity of this strain is definitely not suitable for beginners. It starts with a clear mental effect, which is ideal to let go of circular thinking and any worries you may have. Thanks to her slight indica dominance, White Truffle’s effect soon turns into a pleasant couch-locking body relaxation, described by many as soothing, with a sense of well-being. Growing this beauty is incredibly simple. She grows into a robust and versatile plant that offers yields of up to 650 g per square metre in indoor grows, and up to 1100 g per plant when grown outdoors.

Auto Apple Fritter: autoflowering speed, exorbitant psychoactivity

Our Auto Apple Fritter has been designed for fans of autoflowering seeds looking for strong experiences. With THC levels as high as 25%, this automatic strain combines the best of both worlds. Fruit of the cross of Sour Apple x Animal Cookies, this variety masters some incredibly special qualities:

Premium aroma: A sweet taste of freshly baked apple with spicy touches and notes of vanilla.
A powerful effect that is cerebral to start with, followed by feelings of euphoria and joy which gradually turn into pleasant physical relaxation.
Short life cycle: This autoflowering strain is ready for harvest in just 9 - 10 weeks (from germination to harvest).
Incredibly easy to grow – with just a little TLC, she can produce generous yields of up to 600 g per square metre indoors, and up to 250 g per plant outdoors.

Cheese Ghost Train: reinventing the most famous cheese flavour

Our breeders excelled by crossing the legendary elite clone UK Cheese with Ghost Train Haze from Rare Dankness. The result is a strain that offers an innovative flavour and extreme potency. Cheese Ghost Train has made it onto our list of the most potent genetics this year. With her THC levels over 30%, this is one of the most potent sativa-dominant hybrids on the market. A strain that delivers incredibly intense psychoactivity that is both cerebral and long-lasting. Her terpene profile is a twist on the classic UK Cheese flavour – although present, this is nicely balanced with the citrus and fruity notes of Ghost Train Haze. In terms of cultivation, Cheese Ghost Train grows vigorously, producing XXL yields (of up to 650 g per square metre) with an incredibly intense aroma. This is a robust strain that is resistant to mould and fungi – a trait inherited from her Cheese lineage, which comes in handy when growing in humid climates.

Oreoz: the flavour that has taken the West Coast by storm

We close out this killer cast with a Californian hybrid whose THC levels can reach 32%. Extreme potency combined with a unique aromatic profile that includes notes reminiscent of the famous cookie, along with hints of chocolate, nuts, and diesel. This strain shouldn’t be taken lightly – although her THC levels are usually around 32%, she can produce up to 37% when grown under the right conditions. This strain is suitable for growers with a high tolerance to THC who are seeking experiences at another level. With her long-lasting and overwhelming effect, she delivers feelings of euphoria when consumed in small doses, and a powerful ‘couch-lock effect’ if a generous amount is used. Oreoz is easy to grow and produces robust plants that easily adapt to all types of setups, leading to XXL harvests. A must for those who want to fill their larder to the brim with ultra-potent quality cannabis.

That’s it for our recommendations for today… But if you’ve been left wanting more, then don’t worry, because we have an extensive catalogue of marijuana varieties with extremely high THC levels for every taste. Do you dare to try them?

Pilot programmes for the sale of cannabis in Germany

An important part of the German model for the legalisation of cannabis for adult use is the introduction of regional pilot trials for the commercial sale of the plant. The country has taken a step forward in implementing this programme by announcing that the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food will help oversee cannabis research projects, some of which will include pilot trials. Here we explain the details of this programme and its current status.

Germany passed the first provisions of the CanG Cannabis Act on 1 April 2024, allowing adults to grow up to three plants in their private homes and own a certain amount of cannabis for personal use both inside and outside their homes. As of 1 July 2024, citizens can also apply for membership in a private cannabis club. Cultivation, and possession and consumption at home, in collaboration with the growing communities, was part of the "Pillar 1" of the German CanG law. Another important part of the German legalisation model is what is known as "Pillar 2", which includes the introduction of regional pilot trials for cannabis sales. The country has also taken a step forward in the implementation of these pilot tests, by announcing at the end of last year that the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food will help to monitor these programmes, focusing on research to guide the development of a regulated trading market to help pave the way for wider implementation in compliance with EU laws.

What are the pilot cannabis sales programmes?

These programmes cover around 25 German cities, as well as two Berlin districts: Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg and Neukölln. They allow registered participants to legally purchase regulated cannabis products at authorised outlets. By testing various cannabis distribution and consumption models in a controlled environment, the government aims to assess the impact of the programme on public health, to help reduce reliance on the black market and to offer safer alternatives. It also seeks to generate data on job creation, tax revenue, and the potential for a regulated industry, as well as addressing the disproportionate criminalisation of the communities that have been marginalised under previous prohibition laws. To do so, each city will tailor its own pilot project so that it is adapted to local needs, creating a decentralised system that reflects Germany’s commitment to evidence-based policy making. In Berlin, for instance, it is planned that customers who want to buy cannabis from the summer of 2025 must be registered in one of the two districts and regularly participate in scientific surveys. The study will last five years, during which time participants will be able to legally buy cannabis flowers and other products containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in specialised shops built especially for this purpose. As regulated by the Cannabis Act, participants will be allowed to purchase a maximum of 50 grams of cannabis per month, with a maximum of 25 grams per purchase. The transfer of purchased products to third parties is strictly prohibited and will result in exclusion from the study, which is complemented by a control group formed by members of a local cannabis social club. The sale will be organised by a company that buys cannabis from legal producers in Germany or abroad. The price should be equal to that on the illegal market (i.e., between 9 and 12 euros per gram); but, at the same time, the quality of the cannabis will be significantly better. This urgency to curb the illegal cannabis market to protect the health of consumers has been highlighted in a recent laboratory analysis of black market cannabis in 30 German cities, including Berlin. Samples revealed that more than two thirds of the cannabis tested contained traces of toxic pesticides, whereas about one third was mixed with substances such as hair spray. Traces of other drugs, such as cocaine and MDMA, were also detected. These findings underscore the critical need for clean cannabis in commercial supply chains, such as those enabled by the pilot projects. The commercial sales programme will now assess whether licensed cannabis dispensaries can be a viable path to this goal.

What is the current status of the programme?

Germany’s Federal Ministry for Food and Agriculture (BMEL) announced at the end of last year that it had officially signed the ordinance to become the regulatory authority for model projects in the country. The new legislation also allows German municipalities, universities, and cannabis companies to apply for licenses for cannabis pilot programmes. However, even though the BMEL announcement seems to clear the way for the growing list of these groups to launch model research projects on cannabis, this "important step" comes with certain limitations. Despite all the expectations, the BMEL clarified that its regulatory role is separate from the much-anticipated second pillar of the CanG law. As indicated in the key point document, Pillar 2 would test "specialist shops throughout the country through a comprehensive and detailed law", which is apparently still being drafted by the Ministry of Health, which also remains responsible for the approval of research projects for medical cannabis. This development opens the door to a model very similar to that of the Netherlands or Switzerland, where smaller individual studies on cannabis and industrial hemp may be conducted. Therefore, “This is not the ‘second pillar’ of the legalisation roadmap in Germany. The ‘second pillar’ aims to test cannabis shops across the country through a comprehensive and detailed law. And the Federal Ministry of Health is responsible for drafting this bill", said the German authorities in a recently published FAQ page.

How will this be influenced by the early elections in Germany?

It is also unclear how long the programme put in place by the ruling Social Democratic Party and its allies will last. Germany will hold federal elections on 23 February, and the conservative Christian Democratic Union (CDU) is expected to win, in collaboration with other ultranationalist forces, such as Alternative for Germany (AfD). These anti-cannabis parties have a certain advantage in the polls, so there’s growing speculation that this measure could be repealed by the incoming government, which increases pressure to launch these pilot projects as soon as possible – if a company or institution obtains approval for its licence before a possible law reform comes into effect, these licences would in theory remain in force, with the new government unable to cancel them. Observers from the German cannabis industry are divided over whether the CDU would reverse, remove, or leave recent marijuana reforms intact should they win the elections. Although the alliance between the CDU and the Christian Social Union (CSU) is ahead in the polls, it will probably need a coalition with one of the traffic light parties: the Social Democratic Party, the Free Democratic Party, or the Greens. And it is true that there could be changes that will have an impact on the current regulations, which are already extremely limited, but the medical market is expected to remain in line and advance without interruptions. In short, Germany’s cannabis pilot programme represents a turning point in cannabis reform in Europe. By balancing public health, economic potential, and regulatory compliance, it sets a high standard for evidence-based policy making. And this is a unique opportunity for cannabis companies to interact with a thriving market that is ready for growth. Industry players should be alert and prepared to take advantage of the opportunities offered by Germany, which is leading cannabis reform in this regard. But, at the end of the day, everything will come down to a question of the struggle between political powers, so we will have to be very attentive to the configuration of the Bundestag as of 23 February.

The UK medical market demands high-THC strains

Since the UK legalised cannabis for medical use in 2018, there has been an increase in patients choosing to be treated with cannabinoids. Although CBD is legal, users seem to prefer products with high THC ratios, so let’s find out why.

Medical cannabis in the UK: a rising demand

More and more patients in Great Britain are accessing medical cannabis for the treatment of different diseases. Even though users still face difficulties such as product shortages or social stigma associated with cannabis, statistics in recent years have shown a progressive increase in demand for cannabis products for medical use. It is estimated that the volume of medical cannabis patients was around 63,000 by the end of 2024, with this figure projected to double by 2028. This data makes the country one of the most dynamic medical cannabis markets in Europe.

Why do patients prefer high-THC products?

According to a report by Canna Monitor, 79% of the products prescribed in the country in recent years have been flowers, of which 93% came from high-THC marijuana strains. This preference for high-potency buds contrasts with the status of CBD products in the UK, which don’t require a prescription, and so you might think patients would prefer CBD strains given that the access to them is so much easier. Despite the legalisation of medical cannabis, bureaucratic hurdles often hinder the access of patients to products containing THC, while CBD is completely legal and can be purchased, sold, and consumed freely, provided that the products contain less than 0.2% THC. However, patients continue to choose flowers with a high THC count, so let’s analyse the reasons for this rising trend.

Medicinal effects of THC

Although the "medicinal" label has been awarded to cannabidiol (CBD) in recent years, we must not forget that this isn’t the only cannabis compound that exhibits potential therapeutic uses. Even though THC is socially stigmatised to a certain extent for being the quintessential psychoactive cannabinoid, it also showcases great medicinal potential. This is supported by the multiple studies and clinical trials that have been conducted over the last few decades. Among a number of uses, THC has been proven to be effective for the treatment of:

Chronic pain (especially useful for the treatment of neuropathic pain). May serve as an alternative to opioids in some cases, significantly reducing side effects and the risk of substance addiction.
Reduction of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, and an increase in appetite.
Insomnia.
Glaucoma (can help reduce intraocular pressure).
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM), an extremely aggressive type of malignant brain tumour. Clinical trials have shown that THC may contribute to apoptosis (death of cancer cells), and may be useful as a complementary treatment.

It is important to highlight that, although THC is a cannabinoid with proven therapeutic properties, its medicinal use must be done under the supervision of a doctor. That’s why legalisation is so important, as it ensures safe and effective access to cannabis treatments for patients.

Bureaucratic hurdles and the preference for high-THC marijuana varieties

As explained above, although the therapeutic benefits of THC are undeniable, the preference of UK patients for high-potency strains may also be influenced by other factors. Nowadays, there are strains with moderate THC:CBD ratios (1:1, 1:2, etc.) whose effects are more sustainable. One might think that patients choose these genetics because they prefer to avoid the side effects of THC (dry mouth, anxiety, paranoia, etc.). One of the reasons that could explain the preference for high-potency products is that a large part of the prescriptions is issued in private clinics, with all the associated costs that this implies. This could influence the preference for products with higher THC levels, as users would seek to maximise the therapeutic effects based on the cost alone.

Which marijuana strains are higher in THC?

Thanks to the legalisation of medical cannabis in most European countries, patients now have access to specific genetics that are becoming more and more adapted to their therapeutic needs. Today, seed banks work hard to create new specific cultivars with different cannabinoid and terpene profiles to cover a wide spectrum of uses. For this reason, our team of breeders at Linda Seeds have created various cannabis seeds that have taken the scene by storm, especially among those looking for high-flying potency. If you’re into high-THC strains, pay close attention…. These are some of the gems that you’ll find in our catalogue:

Permanent Marker: our latest addition knows how to make a mark

Fresh from the oven, this new release is already conquering the hearts of connoisseurs around the world. Its THC levels are exorbitant and can reach up to 33%, producing an ultra-powerful effect as complex as its exquisite taste of cookies and fresh herbs. An overwhelming sensation that begins with a euphoric high, perfect for creative activities, that gradually leads to a state of deep and incredibly pleasurable physical relaxation.

Auto Apple Fritter: automatic speed, overwhelming potency

Auto Apple Fritter is the ultimate choice for growers who live in northern regions with short summers, or simply for those who love the speed of autoflowering seeds. A cannabis jewel with the best American flavour that overthrows all the ancient myths… Auto Apple Fritter’s THC levels (around 25%) are living proof that automatic strains can be as potent as feminised seeds. A legend born on the West Coast that delivers very strong psychoactivity, capable of lifting your mood and completely relaxing your body. A cannabis seed that is incredibly effective for the treatment of pain and the relief of muscular tension.

These two potent strains are just a small sample of what you will find in our catalogue of high-THC cannabis hybrids. In addition, we’ve got all kinds of options, including pure CBD genetics, different THC/CBD ratios in a variety of formats, and much more.

Find what you’re looking for easily with our seedfinder, and enjoy the wide range of options that are now available thanks to regulation.

New evidence reveals that CBD and THC don’t interact as we previously thought

For many years, it was believed that CBD and THC, the two most studied compounds of cannabis, worked in harmony, balancing their effects on the human body. However, recent research questions this premise, suggesting that instead of moderating each other, CBD could be the one enhancing the effects of THC in certain circumstances. What are the implications of this finding for the therapeutic and recreational use of cannabis?

Cannabis has gained attention in recent years not only as a recreational substance but also for its potential therapeutic benefits, especially in the treatment of pain. THC, the main psychoactive compound of cannabis, is known for its analgesic properties but also for causing a number of adverse effects such as cognitive impairment, anxiety, and psychomotor disorders. CBD, on the other hand, is non-psychoactive (though only on paper) and has been suggested to somehow counteract the negative effects of THC. This belief has led to the widespread use of CBD-rich cannabis products, or products with certain CBD/THC ratios, for both recreational and medicinal purposes. However, the scientific evidence supporting the idea that CBD can mitigate the adverse effects of THC is inconsistent. Some studies have shown that CBD can reduce THC-induced anxiety and psychosis, while others haven’t found such protective effects. In addition, it is also known that there is an 'entourage effect' involving other components that influences the experience of THC in cannabis, although scientific evidence is also very scarce in this field.

What does the latest research say about the CBD-THC interaction?

Now, a recent study published in Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics in September 2024, challenges the conventional belief about the interaction between cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), revealing that this attenuation of effects may not only be incorrect, but may actually be the opposite of what is commonly believed. The research was conducted at the Centre for Human Drug Research in the Netherlands using a five-way, cross-sectional, placebo-controlled, and double-blind study. This means that each participant received five different treatments in a random order, which included THC alone, THC combined with three different doses of CBD (10 mg, 30 mg, and 450 mg), and a placebo. Subjects received the treatments orally, with CBD being administered 30 minutes before THC to ensure that both substances reached their peak in the bloodstream simultaneously. Then, the researchers measured several effects at multiple times over six hours, using a combination of subjective self-reports (assessments of mood, anxiety, and the feeling of being "stoned"), objective tests (cognitive and psychomotor performance), and a series of pain tests which included heat, pressure, electrical stimulation, and exposure to cold. Instead of reducing the effects of THC, researchers found that the highest dose of CBD (450 mg) increased them significantly. These increased effects were probably due to CBD interfering with the metabolism of THC, causing higher levels of THC and its psychoactive metabolite in the bloodstream. Lower doses of CBD (10 mg and 30 mg) did not significantly alter the effects of THC, suggesting that CBD doesn’t counteract the effects of THC when they are taken together orally. "CBD does not in any way relieve the psychomimetic effects of THC or reduce anxiety", explained the researchers in their conclusions. "In any case, it will enhance the effects of THC at higher doses because CBD inhibits its breakdown in the liver".

Other studies that reinforce the imbalance hypothesis

This isn’t the first study to show that CBD inhibits the metabolism or breakdown of THC in edible cannabis products, which can result in stronger and longer-lasting effects. Another study led by researchers from the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine previously found that relatively high doses of cannabidiol (CBD) can increase the adverse effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The results of this study, published in JAMA Network Open in February 2023, found that the maximum amount of THC measured in the participants' blood samples was almost twice as high after eating a brownie containing THC and CBD than after eating a brownie with only THC, even though the dose of THC in each brownie was exactly the same (20 mg). In addition, the maximum amount of 11-OH-THC (a metabolic by-product of THC that produces more intense effects than THC) was 10 times higher after eating the brownie with the high CBD extract compared to the one containing the high THC extract. Just like the Dutch research study, the American study examined pharmacokinetics (i.e., the absorption and elimination of a drug by the body) and pharmacodynamics (the response of the body to a drug) between cannabis extracts with different THC and CBD concentrations. Both studies were well designed and controlled, but they were limited to the oral administration route. Therefore, given that different methods of consumption (such as inhalation) give rise to different metabolic pathways and effects, these findings cannot be generalised to other common forms of cannabis use. Besides, a condition where only CBD was consumed was not included in either study, which would have provided clearer information about the specific effects of CBD without the influence of THC. Nevertheless, these findings coincide with another recent neuroimaging study published in Neuropsychopharmacology in July 2024, which found that CBD did not mitigate, and could actually worsen the disruptive effects of THC on brain connectivity. Researchers observed significant reductions in connectivity in key brain networks after cannabis use; and the addition of CBD caused even greater alterations in some cases. Similarly, a rodent study published in Neurobiology of Disease in August 2024 found that CBD did not protect against the harmful effects of prenatal cannabis exposure – in contrast, it appeared to exacerbate the impact of THC on brain development and the behaviour of offspring.

Implications for therapeutic and recreational use of CBD

These studies suggest that it’s important for users to know that, if they’re going to take a high dose of a CBD extract, they should also consider its interactions with THC, just as they should also do with other medicines. The belief that CBD "domesticates" THC has greatly influenced the formulation of medicinal and recreational cannabis products; and many users choose THC and CBD products hoping for a more balanced, less psychoactive experience. However, new evidence suggests that this expectation may not be met in all cases. Scientists say more studies are needed in the future to better understand the impact of the CBD and THC dose, the relative concentration, the frequency of use, and individual health differences on how our bodies metabolise cannabinoids. And this type of research is necessary to correctly inform clinical and regulatory decisions regarding the therapeutic and recreational use of cannabis, which is currently the world’s most consumed recreational substance after alcohol. As science advances, it will be critical to rethink many things around these two compounds, always with the aim of ensuring a safe and effective experience for users.

Top 5 best-selling cannabis strains of 2024

With the start of a new year, the Linda Seeds team evaluate your favourite cannabis seeds of 2024 – the genetics that, for one reason or another, were the most demanded by growers worldwide. In this post, we review the best sellers of 2024 and explain why these champions have emerged as the public’s favourites.

Which are the best-selling marijuana seeds?

In an exercise of democracy, let’s crown the most demanded cannabis jewels by popular vote… Strains whose flavour, yield, and effects stand out above all the others. With American flavours leading the industry for yet another year, here are our top 5. We hope to inspire you with these cannabis gems (as well as a few other new ones) to fill your garden in the season that is just about to start.

Oreoz: for those who want it all

This West Coast hybrid has taken the industry by storm with her extreme potency and incredible taste. A cannabis seed that has it all – a heavy yielder capable of filling your larder with the highest quality buds. With THC levels as high as 32%, Oreoz shouldn’t be taken lightly – this is extreme potency designed for those looking for incredibly strong sensations. Her psychoactivity starts with a dynamic high which, as time goes by, results in a powerful physical couch-lock effect – especially when you have consumed a generous amount. Created from the cross of Cookies and Cream and Secret Weapon, this strain can produce up to 600 grams per square metre when grown indoors.

Oreoz is perfect for you if…

You have a high tolerance to THC and are looking for a strong experience.
You want to get maximum yields without sacrificing the quality of your flowers.
You’re a fan of the American "cookies" flavours. We have designed this variety thinking of those with a sweet tooth – no doubt they’ll be over the moon with her chocolate and nutty flavour topped with diesel notes.

Amnesia Haze: a classic never dies

What more is there to say about this cannabis legend that remains a best seller after decades on the throne. Amnesia Haze marked a before and after in the 90’s, becoming one of the main pillars of the industry and taking Dutch coffee shops by storm. Three decades later, the fact that thousands of growers are still choosing this plant to fill their grows says it all. Our Amnesia Haze certainly lives up to this lady’s reputation: XXL harvests of buds that produce an effect that can best be described as psychedelic… cerebral, stimulating, and ideal for creative activities.

Amnesia Haze is ideal for you if…

You’re a true lover of Haze genetics and want to try an old school queen.
You enjoy sativa effects.
You’re looking for an out-of-this-world yield and have the space to house large plants.

Apple Fritter: a flavour that creates followers

Apple Fritter has become a winning horse thanks to her original terpene profile, which evokes flavours of sour apple with an earthy background and some spicy notes. When our technical team got down to work to create our own version of this American jewel, they knew that they would have to work super hard to improve it. Therefore, they chose an elite clone of the original Apple Fritter (Lumpy’s Cut – Sour Apple x Animal Cookies) and crossed it with our Do Si Dos to provide stability and prevent hermaphroditism. The result is a version of Apple Fritter that maintains all the aromatic characteristics for which this variety is well known, but surpasses her parent in terms of potency (31% THC), a slightly shorter flowering period, and more vigour. With this hybrid, you can easily obtain generous yields of 550 g per square metre. We have found that whoever tries Apple Fritter always comes back for more, and that’s the reason why she became one of our most demanded seeds in 2024.

Apple Fritter is for you if…

You have a good tolerance to the effects of THC and are looking for strong sensations.
You love trying original and complex cannabis flavours that surprise you.
You enjoy the quality of American strains.

Auto Gorilla Zkittlez: potency and flavour in autoflowering format

The reign of autoflowering seeds is now a reality, especially in countries like England or Germany, where this type of strains can be grown outdoors in the summer thanks to their short life cycle. Auto Gorilla Zkittlez has won the public over with her combination of Gorilla’s monster yielding capacity and the five-star flavour of the Zkittlez saga. With THC levels of around 20% and an intense and lasting indica effect, this strain is a must for users looking for quick results without compromising on quality – she’s ready in about 11 weeks from germination to harvest. She’s suitable for growers of all levels, so filling your grow with flowers totally frosted in resin that smell like wild berries is incredibly easy with Auto Gorilla Zkittlez – and this is the reason why this automatic strain is one of the most demanded.

Auto Gorilla Zkittlez is for you if…

You want quality harvests in record time.
You’re looking for a robust and productive auto that is a safe bet.
You’re a fan of premium American flavours.

Strawberry Haze Auto: a strawberry aroma that’s hard to forget

This autoflowering seed was created from the cross of Arjan’s Strawberry Haze (a variety known for her original strawberry aroma) and an elite autoflowering strain. The result of this cross has been a hit among connoisseurs. This autoflowering hybrid maintains the organoleptic quality of her parent Strawberry Haze and the high speed and resistance of automatic strains. With a full life cycle of 10 weeks (from germination to harvest), Strawberry Haze Auto grows into a medium-sized plant, ideal for growing on balconies or terraces. This strain delivers a balanced effect, halfway between physical and cerebral.

Strawberry Haze Auto is for you if…

• You like sweet and fruity flavours.

• You want to get good yields in urban grows.

• You’re looking for the speed of an auto but without having to give up on a five-star terpene profile.

These varieties have been all the rage in 2024 for their exceptional characteristics, so if you’re looking for quality marijuana seeds for the 2025 outdoor season, you already know that these five winners will definitely not disappoint. But Linda Seeds’ team of breeders are not stopping there! We have new surprises ready for the 2025 outdoor season, and we’re convinced they will be a huge hit! So make sure to follow us to stay up to date with all our news and releases!

This is how pilot cannabis sales programmes work in the Netherlands and Switzerland

The debate on the regulation of cannabis continues to gain relevance worldwide. In this context, the pilot programmes developed in the Netherlands and Switzerland represent a public policy experiment aimed at providing empirical data that can support future regulatory decisions. These trials seek to analyse the social, economic, and health effects of the regulated sale of cannabis, offering models that could inspire other countries interested in moving forward with the legalisation of this substance.

As was made clear by Germany’s campaign to legalise marijuana, the European Union limits the cannabis reform measures that can be implemented among its member countries. And widespread trade of legal cannabis, such as that carried out in Canada, remains banned until the EU agreements are modernised. But regional pilot trials of cannabis marketing for adults are an interesting public policy experiment that is allowed by European legislation. The aim is to research and analyse trends in order to be better prepared when developing national policies and regulations for the cannabis industry. In the framework of these pilot models, a limited number of producers and retail outlets are allowed to engage in legal cannabis trading activities. In addition, adult users can register for the trials to obtain marijuana legally. Pilot trials are currently being conducted in Switzerland and the Netherlands, with additional trials expected to start in Germany in 2025 as part of the "Pillar 2" of its advanced recreational legalisation model. Up to 25 cities have already announced their intention to participate; and, last December, two Berlin boroughs (Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg and Neukölln) announced their plans to launch their pilot programmes through several specialty stores. Sales could begin next summer, provided that the political situation in the country doesn’t overturn or significantly modify the cannabis reforms, especially with early elections just around the corner.

The Netherlands: modernising the “coffee shop” approach

The Netherlands officially launched its fsirt pilot tests in Breda and Tilburg in December 2023. Since then, research projects have been expanded to Groningen, Zaanstad, Almere, Arnhem, Nijmegen, Voorne aan Zee, Heerlen, and Maastricht. The trials aim to phase out the Dutch "gedoog" policy, which decriminalises the possession of small quantities of cannabis and grants licences to sales outlets, whilst outlawing the production and sale in bulk. This "front door, back door" system was introduced in the 1970s to distinguish between "hard" and "soft" drugs at a time when Amsterdam had earned its reputation as a drug paradise. But this policy has unintentionally allowed criminal activities to flourish, with theft, violence, and money laundering remaining common in the sector. Consumers are often unaware of the exact content of their purchases, which complicates the response from health services. The experiment aims to close this back door to criminal activities. Currently, establishments in the 10 municipalities participating in the pilot programmes can sell a combination of regulated and "tolerated" cannabis products. Regulators have now set a fixed date for the transition to what is known as their experimental phase: From 7th April 2025, all licensed cannabis shops will be required to sell only regulated cannabis products. In theory, this phase will last four years. With a definitive date in sight, growers will be able to further adapt the supply of regulated marijuana and hashish to the demand of coffee shop owners. “This will benefit both the choice of coffee shops and the stability of supply”, said the Dutch government in a press release on the pilot tests being carried out. A team of researchers, under the supervision of an independent guidance and evaluation committee, will also investigate the effects of these trials on public health, crime, safety, and anti-social behaviour.

Switzerland: “Weed Care” and innovation in cannabis policy

In addition to the Netherlands, pilot trials for regional cannabis trade are also being conducted in several cities in Switzerland, including Zurich. And almost a year after the opening of the first legal stores, experts are already reporting on the sales and consumption trends that are taking place. This is thanks to the initial data collected from the Grashaus project in the canton of Basel-Landschaft (or Basel-Country), which started in late 2023 and has a duration of five years. The first of these shops opened in Allschwil last December, with specialists trained to educate participants on the safer use of marijuana and to provide advice on a range of cannabis products, such as dried flowers, hash, extracts, vaping liquids, and edibles. More than 700 people have enrolled in the study, which is designed to include up to 4,000 participants. About 80% of them identify as male, and almost a quarter are between the ages of 23 and 27. Throughout the whole period of study, consumer behaviour and the physical and mental health of participants are recorded. Social impacts, particularly those related to public safety and order, are analysed in close cooperation with the public prosecutor’s office and relevant health and social authorities.

Trend towards lower-risk forms of consumption

According to the data analysed so far, a decrease in the average consumption of flowers and hashish has been identified, with alternative formats such as extracts, vaporisers, and edibles showing the highest growth (around 50% from the start of the study). This may be due to specific professional advice being given on consumption methods that are less harmful than smoking. Researchers point out that, as a result of all this, the proportion of parallel purchases of products from the illegal market appears to be declining. Currently, the price of flowers ranges between eight and twelve Swiss francs per gram, depending on their THC content, but there has also been an interest in varieties with a balance between THC and CBD. Although timely price adjustments and product range extensions are planned to compete with the illegal market, the entire value chain is unified under one roof: cultivation, processing, and packaging are all done exclusively in Switzerland by the company SwissExtract, with the production process being fully documented from seed to final product. Professor Michael Schaub, scientific director of the Swiss Research Institute for Public Health and Addiction (ISGF), as well as the director of this study, commented: “The fact that we have been able to record these early successes, partly thanks to the specific professional advice at the points of sale, is a hopeful development. The ultimate aim of the pilot project is, of course, to always provide users with safe and high-quality products from controlled sources in order to minimise health risks”. As can be seen, the pilot programmes in the Netherlands and Switzerland represent a milestone in the global cannabis debate. Far from being simple local experiments, these initiatives provide the basis for informed and rigorous analysis that could influence policies in other countries. Over time, these studies could show that cannabis regulation is not only viable but also beneficial in terms of health, economics, and social justice.

Cannabis in the post-legalisation era: growing trends in emerging markets

Regulation is transforming the cannabis industry, marking the beginning of a new post-legalisation era. This is a paradigm shift that allows growers to operate transparently whilst generating economic and social change. We will now delve into how these markets are embracing cannabis cultivation, what the key trends are, and what challenges they face.

Trends in cannabis cultivation in new markets

Regulation in many countries has allowed marijuana cultivation to become a legal activity, with the advances that this entails:

Sustainability and organic growing: Cannabis cultivation can have a negative impact on the ecosystem if it’s not integrated properly, as has already happened in other more established legal markets (such as that of California). For this reason, many growers in areas like Humboldt County have seen the need to implement more sustainable techniques, such as "dry farming" or regenerative cultivation. The use of biological fertilisers, efficient management of resources like water, or the incorporation of renewable energy systems, are becoming key pillars in some of these emerging markets.

Automation and technology: Technological advances have entered the legal ecosystem with force. Some examples of this include IoT sensors for a better control of the grow parameters, LED lighting equipment to reduce production costs, vertical growing techniques to make the most of the space, and automated systems for yield maximisation. In addition, artificial intelligence is already being incorporated into cannabis cultivation, helping to prevent problems and monitor plant health through the implementation of techniques such as hyperspectral imaging and 3D scanning

Product quality and safety: Legal protection is accompanied by an increased demand for premium pesticide-free products with different cannabinoid profiles. Given that the mainstream public includes both consumers looking for high-THC strains, and those seeking other more sustainable effects from varieties rich in CBD or other cannabinoids, the specialisation and stability of cannabis genetics is definitely key.

Collaboration between cannabis producers and public organisations

Another emerging trend in some legal models (as in the case of Colombia) is the synergy between private companies and the country’s government. Thanks to its good climatic conditions and low production costs, Colombia has established itself as one of the leading countries in the export of medical cannabis. The state has made a strong commitment to the implementation of good agricultural practices and biosecurity measures to ensure the quality and safety of its products, whilst also incorporating advanced growing technologies for process optimisation. The country has also invested in R&D to develop new varieties with specific cannabinoid profiles and traits that are better adapted to the local climatic conditions. Another interesting proposal in Colombia has been the development of cannabis clusters in different regions of the country, which promote collaboration between producers, universities, and the government, to encourage the optimisation of cannabis growing techniques and marketing. This is a value chain that allows the sharing of resources, knowledge, and technology, with the different agencies working together to offer better quality products at a lower cost, thereby improving the region’s competitiveness at international level. This strategy has attracted significant foreign capital investment, generating local employment and contributing positively to the country’s economy. A good example of this is the Valle del Cauca cannabis cluster, where local producers have partnered with universities to improve growing techniques, while the government has helped to finance all the necessary infrastructure.

What challenges are the new legal cannabis markets facing?

One of the biggest challenges for these young markets is the complexity of regulation. Uncertainty about possible changes or setbacks in legislation can undermine confidence among investors, making long-term planning difficult. Expensive licensing or time-consuming bureaucratic processes are some of the obstacles faced by companies that don’t have enough economic muscle to wait.

Lack of infrastructure

In some newly established markets, especially in less developed countries, the lack of infrastructure is also a huge challenge. There are cases (as in South Africa or Thailand) where the lack of adequate facilities for GMP compliance has started a race against time for industry development. The major problems faced by these regions are power grid failures, the lack of adequate facilities for indoor cannabis cultivation, and the shortage of laboratories where quality testing can be carried out.

Access to funding

Despite regulation, companies in the sector are still facing problems to obtain funding from traditional banks due to the associated stigma and the complexity of the international framework. This is a factor which forces many to seek alternatives such as private funding or access to venture capital. This has slowed the growth of the industry in countries like South Africa, where producers are looking for alternatives to finance their crops, such as microcredits or cooperatives backed by foreign capital investments. In other countries like Colombia or Thailand, new solutions are emerging, such as cryptocurrency financing, which is a trend that is gaining more and more traction.

What are the drivers of growth?

Legal protection is undoubtedly the sector’s biggest catalyst for growth. An example of this is found in Morocco, where around 200 licences have already been granted following the legalisation of cannabis for medical use in 2021. These producers operate in a country where cannabis has been grown using traditional methods for centuries. Therefore, the transition to the legal market has not been easy for all of them, given that the implementation of the new regulations generates additional costs. However, the legalisation of cannabis under a framework that’s more accessible for locals (as in the case of Thailand) has led to both a massive proliferation of businesses related to the cannabis plant and to a huge wave of cannabis tourism. Furthermore, public education campaigns on the responsible use of cannabis, together with the results of scientific research supporting its properties, have increased social acceptance, which has allowed the sector to expand.

Conclusion

The post-legalisation era presents a vibrant outlook full of possibilities for cannabis cultivation. Despite regulatory and financial challenges, the combination of technological advances with improvements in product quality and public acceptance is paving the way for a promising future.

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Get the best indoor strains on Black Friday

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Oreoz: a cannabis dessert that delights the senses

Not all cannabis varieties are born to become legends, but Oreoz certainly arrived on the scene to occupy a special place in our genetic library. This strain pays tribute to the iconic cookies but is much more than just an attractive name. She’s a true delicacy that delivers a rich and complex experience, combining great flavour, high potency, and a unique genetic lineage which is the result of the union between Cookies and Cream and Secret Weapon – two strains that stand out for their high trichome production and intoxicating aromas. The result is a flower covered in resin that shines like a jewel, with THC levels ranging between 20 and 30 %, and leaves that are initially dark green and then take on purple and black hues during the flowering, making her appearance even more attractive. But Oreoz’s true charm comes from her flavour – a combination of dark chocolate, acidic citrus fruits, walnuts, and a touch of spicy diesel. Perfect for those who like exotic desserts and enjoy an experience dominated by deep and lasting relaxation, which is the reason why she’s a popular choice for evening sessions. More than just a simple strain, Oreoz is an invitation to enjoy cannabis with all your senses.

Apple Fritter: the sweet secret of nostalgia

They say the best things in life are unexpected, and Apple Fritter is the perfect example of this… She’s a smart choice for those looking for something out of the ordinary. This strain, born from the cross of Sour Apple and Animal Cookies, and whose name evokes the irresistible aroma of freshly baked apple fritters, has transcended her multi-award-winning reputation to become a true cannabis icon. But what makes her so incredibly irresistible? The answer is not only based on her potency (her THC count can exceed 30 %) but also on the overall experience that she delivers. Just imagine this: You’re at the end of a long day, looking for a moment to switch off, and all you need is something to transport you. Apple Fritter is a passport to that moment of serenity. Every puff wraps you in a warm and comforting feeling, as if you were entering a kitchen where the aroma of sweet dough and caramelised apples floats in the air. This isn’t just any trip: it’s an encounter with nostalgia and well-being. That’s why you should try Apple Fritter. Because she’s not only a strain but an invitation to explore the extraordinary things in everyday life and to savour life with a touch of sweetness. Once you do it, you’ll understand why everybody’s talking about this beauty.

Amnesia Haze: the epicentre of cannabis excellence

There are cannabis strains that simply do what you’d expect from them, and then there’s Amnesia Haze – a true masterpiece that takes the cannabis experience to another level. This legendary strain not only offers a sensory adventure that has conquered hearts and minds all over the world, but she also redefines what it means to enjoy cannabis. All thanks to a sativa-dominant hybrid born from a mix of ancestral genetics from Southeast Asia, Jamaica, and Afghanistan - a perfect balance between the classic and the contemporary. But why is she so special? It all starts with her unmistakable aroma, an explosion of bright citrus fruits with earthy and spicy touches, as if nature itself invited you to explore a tropical forest after a storm. Her fragrance is just the prelude to an even deeper experience thanks to her ability to boost creativity and lift the spirits, making her the ideal companion for those seeking inspiration. Her looks are also worth admiring: compact and dense flowers covered with shiny trichomes that reflect the quality of her genetics. Amnesia Haze is not just any old strain… She’s a statement of intent, a trip you won’t forget... or perhaps you will, but certainly with a smile on your face.

Alien OG: a strain to look at the stars

Alien OG is one of those strains that seem to have been sent from outer space to redefine the way we understand quality. This indica-dominant gem has roots that go back to the iconic cross between the exotic Tahoe OG and the enigmatic Alien Kush, two genetics revered for their high potency and unique aromatic profile. And the result of this? A strain that is not only potent but also fascinating, ideal for those looking for something out of the ordinary. From the very first glance, the extraterrestrial appearance of Alien OG captivates you, with its compact buds coated in a dense layer of crystalline trichomes that shine like stardust. Her aroma is another of her strengths: an intense mix of fresh lemon, pine, and moist earth, which anticipates a flavour profile dominated by vibrant citrus notes that are intertwined with spicy nuances, leaving a delicious and persistent aftertaste. But what really puts Alien OG in orbit is her effects – a perfect balance between deep relaxation and an initial burst of cerebral euphoria that is ideal for those creative moments when you need to unleash your imagination. With THC levels that can exceed 25 %, she’s certainly not for beginners; but if you’re looking for something that transports you to another dimension, Alien OG is definitely the answer.

Cheese Ghost Train: a ticket to the unexpected

Some cannabis strains like to follow a safe path, but others like Cheese Ghost Train glide down the rails of the unusual, inviting you on a journey that redefines the extraordinary. This unique variety combines two completely opposite worlds, fusing Cheese’s robustness and funky character with the psychoactive intensity of Ghost Train Haze. The result is a collision that surprises, challenges, and, above all, fascinates. From the moment you come across her, you know that you’re in the presence of something special that fully intends to be noticed: her explosive aroma is a symphony that blends the piercing perfume of cured cheese with a sweet background reminiscent of tropical fruits that awakens your curiosity. But what really stands out about Cheese Ghost Train is her ability to adapt to your needs. Her THC levels, which can exceed 22 %, guarantee a respectable potency without becoming overwhelming, which is ideal for switching off without losing that spark that keeps you connected to the present. In terms of cultivation, the resilience of this strain shines through, with a relatively short flowering period for a variety with this level of complexity, which makes her an attractive option for those looking for high quality without the long wait. So don’t wait any longer: hop on board a train you definitely don’t want to miss, and discover why this strain has become one of the most intriguing in today’s cannabis scene.

The latest technology in cannabis cultivation

The cannabis industry is experiencing an exciting evolution as technological innovations transform the sector, with growers increasingly turning to advanced solutions to improve efficiency, yielding capacity, and crop quality. The key players of this transformation are automation and artificial intelligence (AI), but they’re certainly not the only protagonists. Let’s explore the innovations that are destined to revolutionise the world of cannabis growing!

Agriculture has always been an intensely technological field that has driven innovation since the Neolithic revolution more than 10,000 years ago. Likewise, the world of cannabis cultivation is now on the verge of a profound metamorphosis, driven by the control of machine learning, which will redefine our understanding of agriculture, genetics, and even nature itself. At the heart of this revolution is undoubtedly artificial intelligence (AI), which acts as a sentinel overseeing every stage of production. With its algorithms, AI will be able to analyse and optimise all aspects of cultivation, from seed to sale, turning data into a powerful tool to refine processes, predict trends, and drive profitability. But regulatory changes, such as those in the US or Germany, are also creating the ideal environment for further innovation, opening the floodgates to technology investment, experimentation, and the adoption of new and advanced cultivation and post-harvest practices. Let’s now analyse what advances will take this plant to new levels of sophistication.

Precision agriculture: the future of cultivation involves IoT sensors

Precision agriculture helps optimise environmental conditions such as light, humidity, and temperature in real time, thanks to intelligent sensors which are becoming more and more affordable and versatile. These sensors constantly monitor and adjust these conditions to ensure that each plant receives exactly what it needs at any given time. The result? Higher yields, better quality, and more consistent products; all achieved with minimal human intervention. Automated cultivation systems are another key trend. They include vertical growing facilities based on hydroponics or aeroponics which maximise the use of space by stacking plants in multiple layers. What’s more, these setups can deliver even greater benefits when combined with next-generation LED systems and robotics, which are already taking over the dangerous, boring, and repetitive tasks of cultivation (for example, harvesting), thereby increasing efficiency and reducing the need for manpower.

Hyperspectral imaging and 3D scanning to monitor cannabis health

AI-powered systems can also detect subtle changes in plant health before they are visible to the human eye. By using hyperspectral image recognition at different wavelengths (which allows the analysis of cannabis down to a molecular level) and 3D scanning (to monitor plant structural growth), accurate real-time models can be developed to help identify signs of stress, nutrient deficiencies, or disease through predictive analysis. Machine learning algorithms can also analyse historical weather data to predict the likelihood of pest infestations or fungal diseases. Even drones equipped with advanced sensors can monitor from above, providing real-time data. Early detection allows growers to rapidly take corrective action, avoiding widespread crop damage and ensuring the development of healthy plants with higher levels of cannabinoids.

Integration of nanotechnology applied to irrigation

Smart drip irrigation systems can accurately deliver water and nutrients directly to the roots, based on actual soil moisture levels and real-time weather conditions. This helps reduce water use by avoiding runoff and keeps the plants healthy and highly productive. The use of nanobubbles also significantly improves the ability of the roots to absorb oxygen, resulting in healthier, stronger, and hardier plants. Nanofertilisers, for instance, release nutrients in a controlled manner, which helps optimise absorption and minimise soil contamination. On the other hand, silver and copper nanoparticles, or polymer nanocapsules that release pesticides in a controlled way, have very specific applications in pest and disease control. They may help lead to more sustainable and high-yielding cannabis growing practices in the future.

Bioreactors and cryogenic pasteurisation: redefining cannabis production

One of the most intriguing technological advances is that of bioreactors, which enable the production of cannabinoids without having to grow Cannabis sativa plants. By using genetically modified yeast, bioreactors can synthesise cannabinoids on a large scale. This could revolutionise cannabis production by offering a scalable and less regulated alternative to traditional cultivation, which would in turn significantly reduce its environmental impact, lower production costs, and make cannabis more accessible. The innovative technology of cryogenic pasteurisation also addresses one of the most pressing problems in the industry: microbial contamination. In a market valued at billions of euros, this is a critical issue to maintain product quality whilst managing complex regulatory barriers. This technique combines cryogenic steam, using liquid nitrogen, with a disinfection process that brings the product to very low temperatures in a short period. This helps destroy pathogens while preserving the active compounds of cannabis (such as cannabinoids and terpenes), retaining both its potency and aromatic profile.

High-performance phenotyping: the new frontier of genetics

But there can be no evolution in cultivation without good genetics to support it. While seeds and cuttings have long been the pillars of cannabis strains, tissue cultivation stands out as the future to help preserve the desired characteristics of each variety, protecting against pathogens and maintaining a more reliable and accessible gene bank. It is a propagation technique that involves the cultivation and maintenance of plant cells, tissues, or organs under aseptic conditions in a nutritious growing medium, usually in Petri dishes. This method enables the indefinite storage of a large number of seedlings or genes, all in a minimum space. It also helps ‘clean’ the genetics by propagating only the necessary cells, leaving behind unwanted pathogens such as hop latent viroid (HLVd), which is one of the riders of the current cannabis apocalypse. But if we combine tissue culture with genetic editing and improvement technologies, we gain unprecedented control over the genetic makeup of a plant. One of the most powerful tools is CRISPR-Cas9, a pair of molecular scissors that acts as a versatile and precise gene editing system. This enables scientists to modify specific genes with millimetric precision, to achieve desirable features faster than ever before. The future possibilities of gene editing in cannabis cultivation are truly exciting. With the potential to create unique and specialised strains, breeders can now explore new combinations of cannabinoids and terpenes, offering consumers an even wider range of experiences with cannabis, which can take this plant to levels of evolution never seen before.

Medical Cannabis or Cannabis Clubs

Germany: Differences between medical cannabis patients and cannabis club members

The recent legalisation of cannabis in Germany has opened up a new range of possibilities for consumers, but this has raised questions about what the best way is to access marijuana legally and safely. With the option of either registering as a medical cannabis patient or joining a Cannabis Social Club (CSC), many users are faced with the dilemma of deciding which of these alternatives best suits their needs.

Germany has taken a historic step by legalising the use of cannabis for adults, thereby becoming one of the few countries in Europe to regulate the recreational use of marijuana. From 1st April 2024, the new Cannabis Act (Cannabisgesetz or CanG) allows adults to carry up to 25 grams of cannabis for personal consumption in public spaces; to be in possession of 50 grams of cannabis in their place of residence; and to grow up to three cannabis plants for their personal use. What’s more, since 1st July 2024, non-profit growing associations (known as Cannabis Social Clubs or CSCs), with a maximum of 500 members, are authorised to grow cannabis for distribution among themselves. This regulation has also influenced access to medical cannabis (which has been legal since 2017), making the requirements even easier for patients seeking alternative treatments for various health conditions. According to the new Medical Cannabis Act (Medizinal-Cannabisgesetz or MedCanG), cannabis products are no longer subject to the Narcotic Drugs Act (BtMG), so they now receive the same treatment as, for instance, a 600 mg ibuprofen tablet or the usual prescription drugs. These changes are intended to simplify the process for doctors and pharmacists, which in turn is expected to exponentially increase the number of medical cannabis patients. Therefore, this creates two forms of access to cannabis (in addition to personal cultivation), with particular advantages that must be evaluated according to the profile and needs of each user. As the requirements become more relaxed, many Germans are wondering which of the two options is best for accessing cannabis. Let’s now have a look at the differences between the two.

The purpose of use conditions access to cannabis in Germany

Medical cannabis in Germany is based on medical prescription, which means that a patient must obtain a prescription from an authorised doctor before they can purchase marijuana at a pharmacy. However, obtaining a prescription can be difficult, as it is necessary to demonstrate that cannabis is a reasonable medical option and that other treatments have been ineffective. But the process has now become relatively easy thanks to the proliferation of on-line telemedicine platforms which simplify this procedure (for instance, Dr Ansay, Bloomwell, or CannG). Users can get a medical prescription on these platforms just by answering a few questions, and then redeem the prescription directly at a partner pharmacy. This easy access has raised concerns about possible abuse of the system, so its continuity is currently in doubt, as it opens the door for people to obtain medical cannabis legally without a real therapeutic need. In contrast, joining a CSC doesn’t require a medical prescription, which makes access easier for people who don’t have a diagnosed condition, or who prefer to use cannabis for recreational purposes. Only those who have reached the age of 18 and have lived in Germany for at least 6 months may be admitted as members. Multiple memberships in several cannabis associations are not permitted.

The required amount of cannabis is linked to flexibility

Medical cannabis patients have greater flexibility in how much marijuana they can possess and carry, which may be essential for people who require more intensive use. According to the German Medical Cannabis Act (MedCanG), patients with a valid prescription are not subject to specific possession or transport limits, provided they can demonstrate that the cannabis is intended for their personal treatment. The maximum amount dispensed in pharmacies is usually determined by the doctor; and it tends to range between 30 and 100 grams per month, depending on the disease being treated. On the other hand, CSCs are subject to stricter limits, which may not be sufficient for users who consume large amounts. The quota is limited to 25 grams per day or 50 grams per month, with a monthly limit of 30 grams for teens between the ages of 18 and 21. In addition, CSCs can provide members with up to seven cannabis seeds or five cuttings per month, provided they have been created or grown within the community.

The types of cannabis products available make all the difference

In German pharmacies, medical cannabis products include dried flowers, oils, capsules, and standardised extracts. Doctors often prescribe marijuana varieties with a specific ratio of cannabinoids (such as THC and CBD), depending on the patient’s condition. Cannabis flowers are the most common, with THC concentrations ranging from 1% to more than 20%. Regarding the cannabis dispensed in CSCs, the legislation hasn’t set a maximum limit for its THC concentration. However, the THC content of marijuana should not exceed 10% for adolescents and young adults within the 18 - 21 age range.

The cost of cannabis products in Germany depends on coverage

In some cases, the cost of medical cannabis may be covered by health insurance either fully or partially, which significantly reduces patient expenditure. But, if the treatment is not covered, prices in pharmacies are generally higher than those of CSCs – between 20 and 25 euros per gram depending on the variety and product quality. Oils and extracts are usually more expensive, with prices that in some cases can exceed 100 euros per 10 ml of oil with a high THC concentration. The price of marijuana in cannabis social clubs also varies greatly according to the federal state and specific club, but they are generally significantly lower. While some clubs have prices of around 4 euros per gram for dried flowers, others may charge up to 10 euros per gram, depending on the strain. In addition to the cost of the cannabis itself, members must also pay membership fees, which can also vary considerably.

Legal implications are demonstrated behind the wheel

One of the most important aspects is traffic regulation. Medical cannabis patients have important advantages, as they can carry larger quantities and are also exempt from the limits on blood THC levels during controls, providing they can show that they’re using THC as a prescription drug for a specific condition. These benefits don’t apply to CSC members, who can be sanctioned if THC is detected in their blood whilst driving. The new Road Traffic Act (StVG), which came into force on 22nd August 2024, sets a legal limit of THC in the blood of 3.5 ng/ml (this had previously been set at 1 nanogram). It also prohibits the use of cannabis for novice drivers, and forbids the mixed consumption of cannabis and alcohol. For example, anyone caught driving with THC levels of 3.5 nanograms or higher, risks a €500 fine and a one-month driving ban. And, if you’ve also been drinking alcohol, then you will normally face a fine of 1,000 euros.

So what is the best option for purchasing cannabis in Germany?

The new German regulation provides several options for access to cannabis; and it is the user’s responsibility to assess which of these best suits their personal situation. The current trend shows that an increasing number of people are registering as cannabis patients, taking advantage of its easy access and legal advantages. However, CSCs represent a viable alternative for those seeking responsible and controlled consumption outside the medical field. Ultimately, the decision on which option to choose will depend on individual factors such as frequency of use, therapeutic needs, or willingness to face the potential legal drawbacks associated with recreational consumption.

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